告子下 · 第 14 / 16 章 · 孟子 6B.14
《孟子·告子下》6B.14:所就三,所去三
孟子把出仕与去位都分成三等,不是鼓励算计,而是说明士的去就必须有尺度:礼、能否行道、以及是否只剩免死之助,层层不同。
陈子曰:「古之君子何如则仕?」孟子曰:「所就三,所去三。迎之致敬以有礼,言将行其言也,则就之;礼貌未衰,言弗行也,则去之。其次,虽未行其言也,迎之致敬以有礼,则就之;礼貌衰,则去之。其下,朝不食,夕不食,饥饿不能出门户;君闻之,曰:『吾大者不能行其道,又不能从其言也,使饥饿于我土地,吾耻之。』周之,亦可受也,免死而已矣。」
英文参考译文
The disciple Chen said, 'What were the principles on which superior men of old took office?' Mencius replied, 'There were three cases in which they accepted office, and three in which they left it. If received with the utmost respect and all polite observances, and they could say to themselves that the prince would carry their words into practice, then they took office with him. Afterwards, although there might be no remission in the polite demeanour of the prince, if their words were not carried into practice, they would leave him. The second case was that in which, though the prince could not be expected at once to carry their words into practice, yet being received by him with the utmost respect, they took office with him. But afterwards, if there was a remission in his polite demeanour, they would leave him. The last case was that of the superior man who had nothing to eat, either morning or evening, and was so famished that he could not move out of his door. If the prince, on hearing of his state, said, "I must fail in the great point, that of carrying his doctrines into practice, neither am I able to follow his words, but I am ashamed to allow him to die of want in my country;" the assistance offered in such a case might be received, but not beyond what was sufficient to avert death.'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么孟子要把“就”和“去”都分成三种情况?
直接回答
因为出仕不是只问能不能留下,而要问留下时到底凭什么留下。最好的是礼到且可行其道,其次是礼到,最下才是仅受周急免死。层次不同,士自己心里必须分清。
第一性原理
同样叫“接受”,其内在根据可以高下悬殊;不分层次,人的判断就会把方便误当原则。
为什么重要
这章很适合承接出仕、去就之义、周急与士的尺度等搜索问题,也能与 3B.3 一起补强本站对公共职业伦理的回答。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《告子下》第 14 / 16 章,最直接的进入线索是“古之君子何如则仕”。放回全卷,它讨论的是养心、判断与人格形成,并可与浩然之气、性善互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章,先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《告子下》把养心、判断和人格形成连成一条修身路线。
引用提示
不要把它读成职业谈判技巧。孟子真正划分的是:一个人接受位置时,究竟是在行道、受礼,还是仅仅为了不至饿死。