梁惠王下 · 第 09 / 16 章 · 孟子 1B.9
《孟子·梁惠王下》1B.9：治国为什么不能废掉所学
孟子用大木与璞玉作比，指出治国不能成为唯一可以抛开专业判断与长期学习的事务；国家越大，越不能凭君主一时好恶行事。
孟子见齐宣王，曰：「为巨室，则必使工师求大木。工师得大木，则王喜，以为能胜其任也。匠人斫而小之，则王怒，以为不胜其任矣。夫人幼而学之，壮而欲行之，王曰：『姑舍女所学而从我』，则何如？今有璞玉于此，虽万镒，必使玉人雕琢之。至于治国家，则曰：『姑舍女所学而从我』，则何以异于教玉人雕琢玉哉？」
英文参考译文
Mencius, having an interview with the king Xuan of Qi, said to him, 'If you are going to build a large mansion, you will surely cause the Master of the workmen to look out for large trees, and when he has found such large trees, you will be glad, thinking that they will answer for the intended object. Should the workmen hew them so as to make them too small, then your Majesty will be angry, thinking that they will not answer for the purpose. Now, a man spends his youth in learning the principles of right government, and, being grown up to vigour, he wishes to put them in practice; if your Majesty says to him, "For the present put aside what you have learned, and follow me," what shall we say? Here now you have a gem unwrought, in the stone. Although it may be worth 240,000 taels, you will surely employ a lapidary to cut and polish it. But when you come to the government of the State, then you say, "For the present put aside what you have learned, and follow me." How is it that you herein act so differently from your conduct in calling in the lapidary to cut the gem?'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么孟子要把治国拿来和工师求木、玉人琢玉相比？
直接回答
因为人人都知道建大屋要找工师、雕美玉要用玉人，却常在治国时反而命学习者丢开所学去迎合权力。孟子正是要揭穿这种把最大事务交给最随意判断的荒谬。
第一性原理
事情越关乎众人后果，越不能依赖一时兴起；真正负责任的治理，必须尊重长期训练、可传授的方法和能被检验的判断。
为什么重要
这章很适合承接“治理需要专业判断”“孟子 反对拍脑袋治国”“expertise and statecraft”这类搜索，也能补强本站对仁政并非空泛善意的解释。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《梁惠王下》第 9 / 16 章，最直接的进入线索是“为巨室，则必使工师求大木”。放回全卷，它讨论的是与民同乐、战争判断与政治责任，并可与仁政互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章，先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《梁惠王下》把与民同乐、战争选择和君主责任放到同一条政治判断链上。
关联主题
引用提示
引用时不要只摘“姑舍女所学而从我”。前面大木、璞玉两层类比连在一起，才完整说明孟子是在批评把治国当成唯一可以反智操作的事务。