梁惠王下 · 第 10 / 16 章 · 孟子 1B.10
《孟子·梁惠王下》1B.10：征燕能不能取，先看燕民悦不悦
孟子判断征燕能否占有，不从战果和天命先说，而从燕国百姓是欢迎还是厌恶来定；若王师只是把水火换成更深更热，就失去正当性。
齐人伐燕，胜之。宣王问曰：「或谓寡人勿取，或谓寡人取之。以万乘之国伐万乘之国，五旬而举之，人力不至于此。不取必有天殃。取之何如？」孟子对曰：「取之而燕民悦，则取之。古之人有行之者，武王是也。取之而燕民不悦，则勿取，古之人有行之者，文王是也。以万乘之国伐万乘之国，箪食壶浆以迎王师，岂有他哉？避水火也。如水益深，如火益热，亦运而已矣。」
英文参考译文
The people of Qi attacked Yan, and conquered it. The king Xuan asked, saying, 'Some tell me not to take possession of it for myself, and some tell me to take possession of it. For a kingdom of ten thousand chariots, attacking another of ten thousand chariots, to complete the conquest of it in fifty days, is an achievement beyond mere human strength. If I do not take possession of it, calamities from Heaven will surely come upon me. What do you say to my taking possession of it?' Mencius replied, 'If the people of Yan will be pleased with your taking possession of it, then do so. Among the ancients there was one who acted on this principle, namely king Wu. If the people of Yan will not be pleased with your taking possession of it, then do not do so. Among the ancients there was one who acted on this principle, namely king Wen. When, with all the strength of your country of ten thousand chariots, you attacked another country of ten thousand chariots, and the people brought baskets of rice and vessels of congee, to meet your Majesty's host, was there any other reason for this but that they hoped to escape out of fire and water? If you make the water more deep and the fire more fierce, they will in like manner make another revolution.'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么孟子说，取燕与否要先看燕民悦不悦？
直接回答
因为征伐的正当性不由胜利本身决定，而由它是否真的把百姓从水火中救出来决定。若人民欢迎，是在结束暴政；若人民痛苦加深，就是换了一个压迫者。
第一性原理
判断政治行动，不先问能不能占有，而先问它有没有改善被治者的真实处境。
为什么重要
这章直接承接征燕、战争正当性、人民同意等搜索问题，也补强整站关于仁政与政治合法性的论证。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《梁惠王下》第 10 / 16 章，最直接的进入线索是“或谓寡人勿取，或谓寡人取之”。放回全卷，它讨论的是与民同乐、战争判断与政治责任，并可与仁政互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章，先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《梁惠王下》把与民同乐、战争选择和君主责任放到同一条政治判断链上。
关联主题
引用提示
引用时不要只停在“取之而燕民悦，则取之”。后面“如水益深，如火益热”才是判断征伐是否失去正当性的硬标准。