梁惠王上 · 第 04 / 07 章 · 孟子 1A.4
《孟子·梁惠王上》1A.4：率兽食人与政治杀人
孟子把饥民饿殍直接算到治理账上：若国中肥肉肥马并存，而百姓饥死荒野，那么政治本身就在杀人，而不是天灾单独致祸。
梁惠王曰：「寡人愿安承教。」孟子对曰：「杀人以梃与刃，有以异乎？」曰：「无以异也。」「以刃与政，有以异乎？」曰：「无以异也。」曰：「庖有肥肉，厩有肥马，民有饥色，野有饿莩；此率兽而食人也。兽相食，且人恶之；为民父母行政，不免于率兽而食人，恶在其为民父母也？仲尼曰：『始作俑者，其无后乎？』为其像人而用之也。如之何其使斯民饥而死也！」
英文参考译文
King Hui of Liang said, 'I wish quietly to receive your instructions.' Mencius replied, 'Is there any difference between killing a man with a stick and with a sword ?' The king said, 'There is no difference!' 'Is there any difference between doing it with a sword and with the style of government?' 'There is no difference,' was the reply. Mencius then said, 'In your kitchen there is fat meat; in your stables there are fat horses. But your people have the look of hunger, and on the wilds there are those who have died of famine. This is leading on beasts to devour men. Beasts devour one another, and men hate them for doing so. When a prince, being the parent of his people, administers his government so as to be chargeable with leading on beasts to devour men, where is his parental relation to the people? Zhong Ni said, "Was he not without posterity who first made wooden images to bury with the dead?" So he said, because that man made the semblances of men, and used them for that purpose - what shall be thought of him who causes his people to die of hunger?'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么孟子把饥荒中的死亡，直接追到政治责任上？
直接回答
因为在孟子看来，只要统治结构一边享受丰足、一边放任人民饿死，就不能再把死亡推给刀剑或岁荒；制度安排本身已经成了杀人的工具。
第一性原理
不作为若持续制造可预见的人命损失，它就不再是中性疏忽，而是另一种形式的暴力。
为什么重要
这章是理解孟子如何追究政治责任的关键入口，适合承接“率兽食人”“政治杀人”“famine and responsibility”这类搜索意图。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《梁惠王上》第 4 / 7 章，最直接的进入线索是“寡人愿安承教”。放回全卷，它讨论的是义利之辨、王道与民生，并可与仁政互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章，先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《梁惠王上》集中讨论义利之辨、养民条件与王道政治的起点。
关联主题
引用提示
不要只摘取“率兽食人”做谴责口号。前面关于庖有肥肉、厩有肥马而民有饥色的结构对比，才说明问题在治理秩序，而不只是情绪控诉。