离娄下 · 第 31 / 33 章 · 孟子 4B.31
《孟子·离娄下》4B.31:曾子与子思,异位而同道
曾子先避寇、子思留守卫国,看似相反,孟子却说二人同道。关键不在动作统一,而在各自所处位置与责任不同。
曾子居武城,有越寇。或曰:「寇至,盍去诸?」曰:「无寓人于我室,毁伤其薪木。」寇退,则曰:「修我墙屋,我将反。」寇退,曾子反。左右曰:「待先生如此其忠且敬也,寇至则先去以为民望,寇退则反,殆于不可。」沈犹行曰:「是非汝所知也。昔沈犹有负刍之祸,从先生者七十人,未有与焉。」子思居于卫,有齐寇。或曰:「寇至,盍去诸?」子思曰:「如汲去,君谁与守?」孟子曰:「曾子、子思同道。曾子师也,父兄也;子思臣也,微也。曾子、子思易地则皆然。」
英文参考译文
When the philosopher Zeng dwelt in Wu Cheng, there came a band from Yue to plunder it. Someone said to him, 'The plunderers are coming - why not leave this?' Zeng on this left the city, saying to the man in charge of the house, 'Do not lodge any persons in my house, lest they break and injure the plants and trees.' When the plunderers withdrew, he sent word to him, saying, 'Repair the walls of my house. I am about to return.' When the plunderers retired, the philosopher Zeng returned accordingly. His disciples said, 'Since our master was treated with so much sincerity and respect, for him to be the first to go away on the arrival of the plunderers, so as to be observed by the people, and then to return on their retiring, appears to us to be improper.' Shen You Xing said, 'You do not understand this matter. Formerly, when Shen You was exposed to the outbreak of the grass-carriers, there were seventy disciples in our master's following, and none of them took part in the matter.' When Zi Si was living in Wei, there came a band from Qi to plunder. Some one said to him, 'The plunderers are coming - why not leave this?' Zi Si said, 'If I go away, whom will the prince have to guard the State with?' Mencius said, 'The philosophers Zeng and Zi Si agreed in the principle of their conduct. Zeng was a teacher - in the place of a father or elder brother. Zi Si was a minister - in a meaner place. If the philosophers Zeng and Zi Si had exchanged places the one would have done what the other did.'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么曾子避寇、子思守国,孟子却说他们同道?
直接回答
因为曾子像父兄师长,带着门人,不宜让弟子卷入祸乱;子思则是臣,若离开,国君便无人共守。位置不同,责任不同,故行动也不同。
第一性原理
同一条道,不要求所有人做出同一动作;真正的统一,在于各按自己位置承担应承担的责任。
为什么重要
这章适合承接情境伦理、角色责任、曾子子思等搜索,也能补强本站对“同道不等于同姿势”的解释。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《离娄下》第 31 / 33 章,最直接的进入线索是“寇至,盍去诸”。放回全卷,它讨论的是观人、礼与关系治理,并可与仁政互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章,先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《离娄下》围绕看人、处关系和礼的节制展开许多具体判断。
关联主题
引用提示
不要只看表面动作冲突。孟子最后一句“易地则皆然”才是判断核心:换了位置,他们会互换做法。