离娄下 · 第 20 / 33 章 · 孟子 4B.20
《孟子·离娄下》4B.20：好的统治者为什么都爱善言
孟子并举禹、汤、文、武、周公，不是做历史清单，而是指出真正成事的人都持续向善言、贤者和更高之道保持敞开与不自满。
孟子曰：「禹恶旨酒而好善言。汤执中，立贤无方。文王视民如伤，望道而未之见。武王不泄迩，不忘远。周公思兼三王，以施四事。其有不合者，仰而思之，夜以继日；幸而得之，坐以待旦。」
英文参考译文
Mencius said, 'Yu hated the pleasant wine, and loved good words. Tang held fast the Mean, and employed men of talents and virtue without regard to where they came from. King Wen looked on the people as he would on a man who was wounded, and he looked towards the right path as if he could not see it. King Wu did not slight the near, and did not forget the distant. The duke of Zhou desired to unite in himself the virtues of those kings, those founders of the three dynasties, that he might display in his practice the four things which they did. If he saw any thing in them not suited to his time, he looked up and thought about it, from daytime into the night, and when he was fortunate enough to master the difficulty, he sat waiting for the morning.'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么孟子列举禹、汤、文王、武王、周公这些人？
直接回答
因为他要说明，真正好的统治者并不是靠一时聪明撑住，而是始终愿意听善言、立贤、视民如伤，并在不合处继续昼夜求通更高的道理。
第一性原理
领导力的深处不只是决断，而是能否持续把自己置于可被纠正、可被提升的位置。
为什么重要
这章很适合承接善言、用贤、周公夜以继日等搜索问题，也能补强本站对公共领导与学习型权力的说明。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《离娄下》第 20 / 33 章，最直接的进入线索是“禹恶旨酒而好善言”。放回全卷，它讨论的是观人、礼与关系治理，并可与仁政互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章，先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《离娄下》围绕看人、处关系和礼的节制展开许多具体判断。
关联主题
引用提示
不要把这章读成古圣表彰名单。孟子真正提炼的是一条共通结构：好统治者都不把自己封闭成不可教的中心。