尽心上 · 第 24 / 46 章 · 孟子 7A.24
《孟子·尽心上》7A.24：观水有术，不盈科不行
孟子用观海、观水来讲学习与立志：见过大海，才知众水浅深；流水先盈科后进，学道也必须成章而达，不能跳层求快。
孟子曰：「孔子登东山而小鲁，登泰山而小天下。故观于海者难为水；游于圣人之门者难为言。观水有术，必观其澜。日月有明，容光必照焉。流水之为物也，不盈科不行；君子之志于道也，不成章不达。」
英文参考译文
Mencius said, 'Confucius ascended the eastern hill, and Lu appeared to him small. He ascended the Tai mountain, and all beneath the heavens appeared to him small. So he who has contemplated the sea, finds it difficult to think anything of other waters, and he who has wandered in the gate of the sage, finds it difficult to think anything of the words of others. There is an art in the contemplation of water. It is necessary to look at it as foaming in waves. The sun and moon being possessed of brilliancy, their light admitted even through an orifice illuminates. Flowing water is a thing which does not proceed till it has filled the hollows in its course. The student who has set his mind on the doctrines of the sage, does not advance to them but by completing one lesson after another.'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么孟子把‘观水有术’和‘不盈科不行’放在一起说？
直接回答
因为他要说明真正的眼界与真正的进步都反对浮躁。一方面，要先见过大的，才不轻易被小的迷住；另一方面，前面的坑洼不填满，后面的流动就不稳。
第一性原理
志向越大，越不能靠跳步取巧；真正高处的视野，反而要求更扎实的次第。
为什么重要
这章适合承接“观水有术”“不盈科不行”“learning by stages”这类搜索，也能补强站点的方法论和学习论。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《尽心上》第 24 / 46 章，最直接的进入线索是“孔子登东山而小鲁，登泰山而小天下”。放回全卷，它讨论的是尽心、诚与保存本心，并可与仁政互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章，先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《尽心上》重点是尽心、诚与如何保存已经给定的人心能力。
关联主题
引用提示
不要把这章只读成审美比喻。孟子最后落点在‘君子之志于道，不成章不达’，也就是道的进展必须有完整层次。