公孙丑下 · 第 05 / 14 章 · 孟子 2B.5
《孟子·公孙丑下》2B.5:有官守者失职则去,有言责者不得其言则去
孟子把去留分成官守与言责两类:守职的人失其职则去,负言责的人不得其言则去。进退不是情绪问题,而是责任边界问题。
孟子谓蚔蛙曰:「子之辞灵丘而请士师,似也,为其可以言也。今既数月矣,未可以言与?」蚔蛙谏于王而不用,致为臣而去。齐人曰:「所以为蚔蛙,则善矣;所以自为,则吾不知也。」公都子以告。曰:「吾闻之也:有官守者,不得其职则去;有言责者,不得其言则去。我无官守,我无言责也,则吾进退岂不绰绰然有余裕哉?」
英文参考译文
Mencius said to Qi Wa, 'There seemed to be reason in your declining the governorship of Ling Qiu, and requesting to be appointed chief criminal judge, because the latter office would afford you the opportunity of speaking your views. Now several months have elapsed, and have you yet found nothing of which you might speak?' On this, Qi Wa remonstrated on some matter with the king, and, his counsel not being taken, resigned his office and went away. The people of Qi said, 'In the course which he marked out for Qi Wa he did well, but we do not know as to the course which he pursues for himself.' His disciple Gong Du told him these remarks. Mencius said, 'I have heard that he who is in charge of an office, when he is prevented from fulfilling its duties, ought to take his departure, and that he on whom is the responsibility of giving his opinion, when he finds his words unattended to, ought to do the same. But I am in charge of no office; on me devolves no duty of speaking out my opinion - may not I therefore act freely and without any constraint, either in going forward or in retiring?'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么孟子要把“去不去”先分成官守者和言责者两类?
直接回答
因为不同位置的责任不同。有人对职位结果负责,有人对能不能把该说的话说出来负责;一旦责任无法履行,继续留下就失去正当根据。
第一性原理
进退的尺度不能只看得失或忠心,而要先看自己到底承担了什么责任,以及那份责任是否还可能真实完成。
为什么重要
这章适合承接去留边界、言责、职责伦理等搜索,也能补强本站对知识人和官员责任区分的解释。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《公孙丑下》第 5 / 14 章,最直接的进入线索是“子之辞灵丘而请士师,似也,为其可以言…”。放回全卷,它讨论的是浩然之气、人格判断与公共责任,并可与仁政互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章,先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《公孙丑下》围绕浩然之气、人格定力和士人的公共责任展开。
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引用提示
不要把它缩成一句辞职格言。孟子真正精细之处,在于他先区分责任类型,再判断留下还是离开。