告子上 · 第 15 / 20 章 · 孟子 6A.15
《孟子·告子上》6A.15：大人小人之分与心之官
孟子在 6A.15 用“大体 / 小体”说明人格差异不在出身，而在谁做主：是耳目被外物牵着走，还是心之官真正开始思。
公都子问曰：「钧是人也，或为大人，或为小人，何也？」孟子曰：「从其大体为大人，从其小体为小人。」曰：「钧是人也，或从其大体，或从其小体，何也？」曰：「耳目之官不思，而蔽于物。物交物，则引之而已矣。心之官则思；思则得之，不思则不得也。此天之所与我者，先立乎其大者，则其小者不能夺也。此为大人而已矣。」
英文参考译文
The disciple Gong Du said, 'All are equally men, but some are great men, and some are little men - how is this?' Mencius replied, 'Those who follow that part of themselves which is great are great men; those who follow that part which is little are little men.' Gong Du pursued, 'All are equally men, but some follow that part of themselves which is great, and some follow that part which is little - how is this?' Mencius answered, 'The senses of hearing and seeing do not think, and are obscured by external things. When one thing comes into contact with another, as a matter of course it leads it away. To the mind belongs the office of thinking. By thinking, it gets the right view of things; by neglecting to think, it fails to do this. These - the senses and the mind - are what Heaven has given to us. Let a man first stand fast in the supremacy of the nobler part of his constitution, and the inferior part will not be able to take it from him. It is simply this which makes the great man.'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
孟子为什么说“大人”和“小人”的差别在于从大体还是从小体？
直接回答
因为他要把人格高下从身份转回主导权问题。若耳目一直被外物拖着走，人就只能被即时刺激牵引；只有让心之官去思，人才可能站住更大的判断。
第一性原理
人的问题常不在有没有感官欲望，而在有没有建立一个能统摄欲望、重新排序轻重的中心。
为什么重要
这章把性善与修身接起来：既然心之官本可思，就能解释为什么人成为“大人”不是天赋标签，而是持续选择的结果。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《告子上》第 15 / 20 章，最直接的进入线索是“钧是人也，或为大人，或为小人，何也”。放回全卷，它讨论的是性善、欲望与告子论辩，并可与仁政互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章，先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《告子上》是性善论与告子论辩的核心战场。
关联主题
引用提示
引用时不要把“大人 / 小人”当道德辱骂，重点在“心之官则思；思则得之”，也就是主导结构而不是情绪评价。