万章下 · 第 09 / 09 章 · 孟子 5B.9
《孟子·万章下》5B.9：贵戚之卿与异姓之卿，谏与易位
孟子区分两类卿位责任：贵戚之卿面对君主大过，要先反复谏，终不听则易位；说明亲近并不只享特权，更担更重的纠偏义务。
齐宣王问卿。孟子曰：「王何卿之问也？」王曰：「卿不同乎？」曰：「不同，有贵戚之卿，有异姓之卿。」王曰：「请问贵戚之卿。」曰：「君有大过则谏，反复之而不听，则易位。」王勃然变乎色。曰：「王勿异也。王问臣，臣不敢不以正对。」王色定，然后请问异姓之卿。曰：「君有过则谏，反复之而不听，则去。」
英文参考译文
The king Xuan of Qi asked about the office of high ministers. Mencius said, 'Which high ministers is your Majesty asking about?' 'Are there differences among them?' inquired the king. 'There are' was the reply. 'There are the high ministers who are noble and relatives of the prince, and there are those who are of a different surname.' The king said, 'I beg to ask about the high ministers who are noble and relatives of the prince.' Mencius answered, 'If the prince have great faults, they ought to remonstrate with him, and if he do not listen to them after they have done so again and again, they ought to dethrone him.' The king on this looked moved, and changed countenance. Mencius said, 'Let not your Majesty be offended. You asked me, and I dare not answer but according to truth.' The king's countenance became composed, and he then begged to ask about high ministers who were of a different surname from the prince. Mencius said, 'When the prince has faults, they ought to remonstrate with him; and if he do not listen to them after they have done this again and again, they ought to leave the State.'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么孟子说贵戚之卿在君有大过而不听时，竟可以‘易位’？
直接回答
因为越靠近权力核心的人，越不能把亲近只当安全位置。若君主已到大过而反复不听，贵戚之卿若仍只做陪衬，就等于背弃了自己最重的责任：在最靠近处阻断大错。
第一性原理
越接近权力中心，责任不该越轻，而应越重；亲近不是免责牌，而是更高纠偏义务。
为什么重要
这章适合承接“易位”“贵戚之卿”“Mencius on remonstrance”这类搜索，是孟子关于制度性纠偏边界最强的一段之一。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《万章下》第 9 / 9 章，最直接的进入线索是“王何卿之问也”。放回全卷，它讨论的是知人、求学与名实之辨，并可与仁政互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章，先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《万章下》偏重知人、求学与名实是否相副的问题。
关联主题
引用提示
不要把它读成轻率政变授权。孟子前面先要求反复谏，只有在大过且终不听时，才谈到更严厉的责任动作。