滕文公下 · 第 02 / 10 章 · 孟子 3B.2
《孟子·滕文公下》3B.2:富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈
孟子反对把纵横家的威势当成“大丈夫”。真正的大丈夫,不是让诸侯害怕的人,而是在得志与不得志两种处境中都不失其道的人。
景春曰:「公孙衍、张仪岂不诚大丈夫哉?一怒而诸侯惧,安居而天下熄。」孟子曰:「是焉得为大丈夫乎?子未学礼乎?丈夫之冠也,父命之;女子之嫁也,母命之,往送之门,戒之曰:『往之女家,必敬必戒,无违夫子。』以顺为正者,妾妇之道也。居天下之广居,立天下之正位,行天下之大道;得志与民由之,不得志,独行其道;富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈──此之谓大丈夫。」
英文参考译文
Jing Chun said to Mencius, 'Are not Gong Sun Yan and Zhang Yi really great men? Let them once be angry, and all the princes are afraid. Let them live quietly, and the flames of trouble are extinguished throughout the kingdom.' Mencius said, 'How can such men be great men? Have you not read the Ritual Usages? "At the capping of a young man, his father admonishes him. At the marrying away of a young woman, her mother admonishes her, accompanying her to the door on her leaving, and cautioning her with these words, 'You are going to your home. You must be respectful; you must be careful. Do not disobey your husband.'" Thus, to look upon compliance as their correct course is the rule for women. To dwell in the wide house of the world, to stand in the correct seat of the world, and to walk in the great path of the world; when he obtains his desire for office, to practise his principles for the good of the people; and when that desire is disappointed, to practise them alone; to be above the power of riches and honours to make dissipated, of poverty and mean condition to make swerve from principle, and of power and force to make bend - these characteristics constitute the great man.'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么孟子说纵横家的威势不等于“大丈夫”?
直接回答
因为能让别人害怕,只说明你有影响力,不说明你有定力。孟子衡量大丈夫的标准,是能否在富贵、贫贱、威武面前都不改其道。
第一性原理
影响范围与人格高度不是一回事;真正的强大,不在能压别人,而在自己不被外物压倒。
为什么重要
这章直接承接“富贵不能淫”“什么是大丈夫”“great man in Mencius”等高频搜索,是站点极值得做强的名句入口。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《滕文公下》第 2 / 10 章,最直接的进入线索是“公孙衍、张仪岂不诚大丈夫哉”。放回全卷,它讨论的是分工、教化与社会秩序,并可与仁政互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章,先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《滕文公下》集中处理分工、教化和社会角色的正当边界。
关联主题
引用提示
不要把“大丈夫”只读成男性气概口号。孟子关心的是人格结构与道义站位,不是情绪型强硬姿态。