梁惠王下 · 第 02 / 16 章 · 孟子 1B.2
《孟子·梁惠王下》1B.2：文王之囿为什么大而民犹以为小
孟子借文王之囿说明，问题不在资源规模本身，而在一个统治者是否把好处与民同之；同样的面积，在封闭掠夺和共享秩序中意义完全不同。
齐宣王问曰：「文王之囿方七十里，有诸？」孟子对曰：「于传有之。」曰：「若是其大乎？」曰：「民犹以为小也。」曰：「寡人之囿方四十里，民犹以为大，何也？」曰：「文王之囿方七十里，刍荛者往焉，雉兔者往焉，与民同之。民以为小，不亦宜乎？臣始至于境，问国之大禁，然后敢入。臣闻郊关之内有囿方四十里，杀其麋鹿者如杀人之罪，则是方四十里为阱于国中。民以为大，不亦宜乎？」
英文参考译文
The king Xuan of Qi asked, 'Was it so, that the park of king Wen contained seventy square li?' Mencius replied, 'It is so in the records.' 'Was it so large as that?' exclaimed the king. 'The people,' said Mencius, 'still looked on it as small.' The king added, 'My park contains only forty square li, and the people still look on it as large. How is this?' 'The park of king Wen,' was the reply, 'contained seventy square li, but the grass-cutters and fuel-gatherers had the privilege of entrance into it; so also had the catchers of pheasants and hares. He shared it with the people, and was it not with reason that they looked on it as small? When I first arrived at the borders of your kingdom, I inquired about the great prohibitory regulations, before I would venture to enter it; and I heard, that inside the barrier-gates there was a park of forty square lî, and that he who killed a deer in it, was held guilty of the same crime as if he had killed a man. Thus those forty square li are a pitfall in the middle of the kingdom. Is it not with reason that the people look upon them as large?'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么文王之囿七十里，民还觉得小，而齐宣王四十里却被民嫌大？
直接回答
因为百姓感受到的不是纯粹面积，而是这个空间到底向谁开放、服务谁的生活。文王之囿与民同之，所以再大也不令人压迫；齐王之囿把百姓隔在外面，所以规模虽小，仍像权力对民生的占据。
第一性原理
评价一个制度，不该只看它占用了多少资源，而该看资源最终是与民同享，还是被少数人封闭占有。
为什么重要
这章适合承接“文王之囿”“与民同之”“Mencius on shared benefit”这类搜索，是仁政如何从资源配置上显形的直观例子。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《梁惠王下》第 2 / 16 章，最直接的进入线索是“文王之囿方七十里，有诸”。放回全卷，它讨论的是与民同乐、战争判断与政治责任，并可与仁政互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章，先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《梁惠王下》把与民同乐、战争选择和君主责任放到同一条政治判断链上。
关联主题
引用提示
不要把这章读成简单反奢华。孟子不是说只要小就好，而是说即使大，只要真正与民同之，也可能合义；关键是开放还是独占。