离娄下 · 第 33 / 33 章 · 孟子 4B.33
《孟子·离娄下》4B.33:富贵若求之无耻,妻妾也会相泣
孟子用齐人坟间乞食却回家夸富贵的故事,讽刺一种最危险的求达方式:外面靠羞耻之事填饱自己,回家却仍要求被尊敬。
齐人有一妻一妾而处室者,其良人出,则必餍酒肉而后反。其妻问其所与饮食者,则尽富贵也。其妻告其妾曰:「良人出,则必餍酒肉而后反;问其与饮食者,尽富贵也。而未尝有显者来。吾将瞷良人之所之也。」早起,施从良人之所之。遍国中,无与立谈者。卒之东郭墦间,之祭者,乞其余;不足,又顾而之他──此其为餍足之道也。其妻归,告其妾曰:「良人者,所仰望而终身也。今若此!」与其妾讪其良人,而相泣于中庭。而良人未之知也,施施从外来,骄其妻妾。由君子观之,则人之所以求富贵利达者,其妻妾不羞也而不相泣者,几希矣!
英文参考译文
A man of Qi had a wife and a concubine, and lived together with them in his house. When their husband went out, he would get himself well filled with wine and flesh, and then return, and, on his wife's asking him with whom he ate and drank, they were sure to be all wealthy and honourable people. The wife informed the concubine, saying, 'When our good man goes out, he is sure to come back having partaken plentifully of wine and flesh. I asked with whom he ate and drank, and they are all, it seems, wealthy and honourable people. And yet no people of distinction ever come here. I will spy out where our good man goes.' Accordingly, she got up early in the morning, and privately followed wherever her husband went. Throughout the whole city, there was no one who stood or talked with him. At last, he came to those who were sacrificing among the tombs beyond the outer wall on the east, and begged what they had over. Not being satisfied, he looked about, and went to another party - and this was the way in which he got himself satiated. His wife returned, and informed the concubine, saying, 'It was to our husband that we looked up in hopeful contemplation, with whom our lot is cast for life - and now these are his ways!' On this, along with the concubine she reviled their husband, and they wept together in the middle hall. In the meantime the husband, knowing nothing of all this, came in with a jaunty air, carrying himself proudly to his wife and concubine. In the view of a superior man, as to the ways by which men seek for riches, honours, gain, and advancement, there are few of their wives and concubines who would not be ashamed and weep together on account of them.
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么孟子要讲那个在坟间乞食、回家却夸自己结交富贵者的齐人?
直接回答
因为它把求富贵利达的羞耻暴露得最彻底:外面靠不堪方式求饱,家里却还维持体面叙事。孟子要人看见,有些成功若把过程照亮,连最亲近的人都会落泪。
第一性原理
评价成功不能只看结果和体面叙事,还要看一个人为了得到它,究竟把自己降到了什么地步。
为什么重要
这章适合承接孟子 妻妾之泣、求富贵之耻、成功叙事与羞耻等搜索,也是本站解释名利伦理的重要短章。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《离娄下》第 33 / 33 章,最直接的进入线索是“良人出,则必餍酒肉而后反”。放回全卷,它讨论的是观人、礼与关系治理,并可与仁政互相印证。
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如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章,先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《离娄下》围绕看人、处关系和礼的节制展开许多具体判断。
关联主题
引用提示
不要只把它当讽刺笑话。关键不是坟间乞食的荒诞,而是把求达的真实成本暴露给最亲密关系之后,体面叙事就站不住了。