尽心上 · 第 22 / 46 章 · 孟子 7A.22

《孟子·尽心上》7A.22:天下有善养老,则仁人以为己归

孟子借伯夷、太公归周说明,真正吸引仁人归附的,不只是国力,而是一个政体是否把最基本的人伦安顿好,尤其是否善养老。

孟子曰:「伯夷辟纣,居北海之滨,闻文王作兴,曰:『盍归乎来!吾闻西伯善养老者。』太公辟纣,居东海之滨,闻文王作兴,曰:『盍归乎来!吾闻西伯善养老者。』天下有善养老,则仁人以为己归矣。五亩之宅,树墙下以桑,匹妇蚕之,则老者足以衣帛矣。五母鸡,二母彘,无失其时,老者足以无失肉矣。百亩之田,匹夫耕之,八口之家,足以无饥矣。所谓西伯善养老者,制其田里,教之树畜,导其妻子,使养其老。五十非帛不暖,七十非肉不饱。不暖不饱,谓之冻馁。文王之民,无冻馁之老者,此之谓也。」

mèng zǐ yuē:「bó yí pì zhòu, jū běi hǎi zhī bīn, wén wén wáng zuò xīng, yuē:『hé guī hū lái! wú wén xī bó shàn yǎng lǎo zhě。』 tài gōng pì zhòu, jū dōng hǎi zhī bīn, wén wén wáng zuò xīng, yuē:『hé guī hū lái! wú wén xī bó shàn yǎng lǎo zhě。』 tiān xià yǒu shàn yǎng lǎo, zé rén rén yǐ wéi jǐ guī yǐ。 wǔ mǔ zhī zhái, shù qiáng xià yǐ sāng, pǐ fù cán zhī, zé lǎo zhě zú yǐ yī bó yǐ。 wǔ mǔ jī, èr mǔ zhì, wú shī qí shí, lǎo zhě zú yǐ wú shī ròu yǐ。 bǎi mǔ zhī tián, pǐ fū gēng zhī, bā kǒu zhī jiā, zú yǐ wú jī yǐ。 suǒ wèi xī bó shàn yǎng lǎo zhě, zhì qí tián lǐ, jiào zhī shù chù, dǎo qí qī zǐ, shǐ yǎng qí lǎo。 wǔ shí fēi bó bù nuǎn, qī shí fēi ròu bù bǎo。 bù nuǎn bù bǎo, wèi zhī dòng něi。 wén wáng zhī mín, wú dòng něi zhī lǎo zhě, cǐ zhī wèi yě。」

英文参考译文

Mencius said, 'Bo Yi, that he might avoid Zhou, was dwelling on the coast of the northern sea when he heard of the rise of king Wen. He roused himself and said, "Why should I not go and follow him? I have heard that the chief of the West knows well how to nourish the old." Tai Gong, to avoid Zhou, was dwelling on the coast of the eastern sea. When he heard of the rise of king Wen, he said, "Why should I not go and follow him? I have heard that the chief if the West knows well how to nourish the old." If there were a prince in the kingdom, who knew well how to nourish the old, all men of virtue would feel that he was the proper object for them to gather to. Around the homestead with its five mau, the space beneath the walls was planted with mulberry trees, with which the women nourished silkworms, and thus the old were able to have silk to wear. Each family had five brood hens and two brood sows, which were kept to their breeding seasons, and thus the old were able to have flesh to eat. The husbandmen cultivated their farms of 100 mu, and thus their families of eight mouths were secured against want. The expression, "The chief of the West knows well how to nourish the old," refers to his regulation of the fields and dwellings, his teaching them to plant the mulberry and nourish those animals, and his instructing the wives and children, so as to make them nourish their aged. At fifty, warmth cannot be maintained without silks, and at seventy flesh is necessary to satisfy the appetite. Persons not kept warm nor supplied with food are said to be starved and famished, but among the people of king Wen, there were no aged who were starved or famished. This is the meaning of the expression in question.'

重点修订页

人工补强的解释层

核心问题

为什么孟子说“天下有善养老,则仁人以为己归”?

直接回答

因为若一个政体连老者都能被安顿好,就说明它的人伦秩序不是空的。仁人看见这种秩序,会把那里当成自己应当归去的地方,而不只是一个强大的地方。

第一性原理

最高级的吸引力,不是资源多少,而是一个秩序有没有把最基本、最脆弱的人伦责任真正做成。

为什么重要

这章适合承接“善养老”“仁人归附”“Mencius on humane attraction”这类搜索,也补强仁政如何吸引天下人的主题。

这章在做什么

这章是《尽心上》第 22 / 46 章,最直接的进入线索是“伯夷辟纣,居北海之滨,闻文王作兴,曰…”。放回全卷,它讨论的是尽心、诚与保存本心,并可与四端、仁政互相印证。

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引用提示

不要把这章读成福利技术讨论。孟子说的‘善养老’,不是单一政策点,而是整个秩序是否真的把亲亲与养生安顿为政治基础。

章句资料

卷次
尽心上
定位
孟子 7A.22
顺序
第 22 / 46 章
对齐置信度
99%