公孙丑下 · 第 11 / 14 章 · 孟子 2B.11
《孟子·公孙丑下》2B.11:留贤者,不能让贤者自己去讨好
孟子对劝留者冷淡,不是失礼,而是在问:若真想留住贤者,为什么不先让君侧有人能安其身,而总要贤者反过来求容于权力?
孟子去齐,宿于昼。有欲为王留行者,坐而言。不应,隐几而卧。客不悦曰:「弟子齐宿而后敢言;夫子卧而不听;请勿复敢见矣。」曰:「坐。我明语子:昔者鲁缪公无人乎子思之侧,则不能安子思;泄柳、申详无人乎缪公之侧,则不能安其身。子为长者虑,而不及子思。子绝长者乎?长者绝子乎?」
英文参考译文
Mencius, having taken his leave of Qi, was passing the night in Zhou. A person who wished to detain him on behalf of the king, came and sat down, and began to speak to him. Mencius gave him no answer, but leant upon his stool and slept. The visitor was displeased, and said, 'I passed the night in careful vigil, before I would venture to speak to you, and you, Master, sleep and do not listen to me. Allow me to request that I may not again presume to see you.' Mencius replied, 'Sit down, and I will explain the case clearly to you. Formerly, if the duke Mou had not kept a person by the side of Zi Si, he could not have induced Zi Si to remain with him. If Xie Liu and Shen Xiang had not had a remembrancer by the side of the duke Mou, he would not have been able to make them feel at home and remain with him. You anxiously form plans with reference to me, but you do not treat me as Zi Si was treated. Is it you, Sir, who cut me? Or is it I who cut you?
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么孟子面对代王劝留的人,宁可卧而不听?
直接回答
因为他看穿了问题不在嘴上请留,而在实际秩序里有没有人为贤者站住位置。若没有能安贤者之人,单靠转述挽留,不过是叫贤者继续迎合权势。
第一性原理
一个共同体若真重视贤者,就要先建立能让真话站住的支撑结构,而不是只在贤者要走时临时做姿态。
为什么重要
这章适合承接留贤、政治挽留、institutional support for truth 等搜索,也能补强本站对“如何真正敬贤”的解释。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《公孙丑下》第 11 / 14 章,最直接的进入线索是“弟子齐宿而后敢言”。放回全卷,它讨论的是浩然之气、人格判断与公共责任,并可与仁政互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章,先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《公孙丑下》围绕浩然之气、人格定力和士人的公共责任展开。
关联主题
引用提示
不要只看孟子的冷淡表面。真正锋利的是他把问题拉回“谁能安子思”——也就是制度有没有为贤者留位置。