告子上 · 第 09 / 20 章 · 孟子 6A.9
《孟子·告子上》6A.9:一日暴之,十日寒之
孟子用“一日暴之,十日寒之”说明,善端不是靠偶尔激发就能站稳;真正的养成取决于环境是否持续保护,而不是零星热情。
孟子曰:「无或乎王之不智也。虽有天下易生之物也,一日暴之,十日寒之,未有能生者也。吾见亦罕矣,吾退而寒之者至矣,吾如有萌焉何哉!今夫弈之为数,小数也;不专心致志,则不得也。弈秋,通国之善弈者也。使弈秋诲二人弈:其一人专心致志,惟弈秋之为听;一人虽听之,一心以为有鸿鹄将至,思援弓缴而射之。虽与之俱学,弗若之矣。为是其智弗若与?曰:非然也。」
英文参考译文
Mencius said, 'It is not to be wondered at that the king is not wise! Suppose the case of the most easily growing thing in the world; if you let it have one day's genial heat, and then expose it for ten days to cold, it will not be able to grow. It is but seldom that I have an audience of the king, and when I retire, there come all those who act upon him like the cold. Though I succeed in bringing out some buds of goodness, of what avail is it? Now chess-playing is but a small art, but without his whole mind being given, and his will bent, to it, a man cannot succeed at it. Chess Qiu is the best chess-player in all the kingdom. Suppose that he is teaching two men to play. The one gives to the subject his whole mind and bends to it all his will, doing nothing but listening to Chess Qiu. The other, although he seems to be listening to him, has his whole mind running on a swan which he thinks is approaching, and wishes to bend his bow, adjust the string to the arrow, and shoot it. Although he is learning along with the other, he does not come up to him. Why? Because his intelligence is not equal? Not so.'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
孟子为什么用“一日暴之,十日寒之”来谈人心与教育?
直接回答
因为人心和草木一样,最怕的不是没有一次好天气,而是好天气太短、寒冷太长。偶尔被点醒并不足够,若退下去后仍被旧环境不断冻住,善端就很难长成。
第一性原理
养成靠的是持续环境,不是单次激励。任何好开端若长期处在相反条件里,都会被反向塑形。
为什么重要
这章适合承接“一日暴之十日寒之”“habit and cultivation in Mencius”这类搜索,也直接回答为什么孟子重视环境与反复实践。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《告子上》第 9 / 20 章,最直接的进入线索是“无或乎王之不智也”。放回全卷,它讨论的是性善、欲望与告子论辩,并可与仁政互相印证。
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如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章,先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《告子上》是性善论与告子论辩的核心战场。
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引用提示
不要把它读成单纯意志力劝告。孟子强调的是:如果环境不断反向工作,再好的启发也会被消耗掉。