离娄上 · 第 13 / 28 章 · 孟子 4A.13
《孟子·离娄上》4A.13：善养老者，天下之父归之
孟子用伯夷、太公归周说明，真正能吸引天下父老归附的，不只是强大，而是一个政体是否先把最基础的人伦照料做成。
孟子曰：「伯夷辟纣，居北海之滨，闻文王作兴，曰：『盍归乎来！吾闻西伯善养老者。』太公辟纣，居东海之滨，闻文王作兴，曰：『盍归乎来！吾闻西伯善养老者。』二老者，天下之大老也而归之，是天下之父归之也。天下之父归之，其子焉往？诸侯有行文王之政者，七年之内，必为政于天下矣。」
英文参考译文
Mencius said, 'Bo Yi, that he might avoid Zhou, was dwelling on the coast of the northern sea. When he heard of the rise of king Wen, he roused himself, and said, "Why should I not go and follow him? I have heard that the chief of the West knows well how to nourish the old." Tai Gong, that he might avoid Zhou, was dwelling on the coast of the eastern sea. When he heard of the rise of king Wen, he roused himself, and said, "Why should I not go and follow him? I have heard that the chief of the West knows well how to nourish the old." Those two old men were the greatest old men of the kingdom. When they came to follow king Wen, it was the fathers of the kingdom coming to follow him. When the fathers of the kingdom joined him, how could the sons go to any other? Were any of the princes to practise the government of king Wen, within seven years he would be sure to be giving laws to the kingdom.'
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么伯夷、太公听说文王善养老，就要归周？
直接回答
因为一个政体若连老者都安顿得好，就说明它的人伦次序不是口号，而是已经落实到最基本、最脆弱的一层。天下之父老既归，其子自会跟着归附。
第一性原理
最有说服力的政治吸引力，不是先靠威势，而是先让人看见一个秩序已经把最基本的人伦责任做成了。
为什么重要
这章适合承接“善养老”“天下之父归之”“Mencius on political attraction”这类搜索，也是仁政吸引机制的重要经典表述。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《离娄上》第 13 / 28 章，最直接的进入线索是“伯夷辟纣，居北海之滨，闻文王作兴，曰…”。放回全卷，它讨论的是自反、乱世与守道，并可与仁政互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章，先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《离娄上》经常从自反与守道的角度讨论乱世中的行动标准。
关联主题
引用提示
不要把它收缩成单点福利政策。孟子说的善养老，是一个秩序整体的人伦可信度信号，而不是单一指标。