尽心上 · 第 46 / 46 章 · 孟子 7A.46
《孟子·尽心上》7A.46:知者急先务,仁者急亲贤
孟子说知者并非样样先做,而是先做当务;仁者并非平均去爱,而是先亲贤。真正的大爱大知,首先体现为轻重分明。
孟子曰:「知者无不知也,当务之为急;仁者无不爱也,急亲贤之为务。尧舜之知而不遍物,急先务也。尧舜之仁不遍爱人,急亲贤也。不能三年之丧,而缌小功之察:放饭流歠,而问无齿决:是之谓不知务。」
英文参考译文
Mencius said, 'The wise embrace all knowledge, but they are most earnest about what is of the greatest importance. The benevolent embrace all in their love, but what they consider of the greatest importance is to cultivate an earnest affection for the virtuous. Even the wisdom of Yao and Shun did not extend to everything, but they attended earnestly to what was important. Their benevolence did not show itself in acts of kindness to every man, but they earnestly cultivated an affection for the virtuous. Not to be able to keep the three years' mourning, and to be very particular about that of three months, or that of five months; to eat immoderately and swill down the soup, and at the same time to inquire about the precept not to tear the meat with the teeth; such things show what I call an ignorance of what is most important.
重点修订页
人工补强的解释层
核心问题
为什么孟子说,知者无不知而当务为急,仁者无不爱而亲贤为务?
直接回答
因为广并不等于散。真正的智慧和仁爱,不是对一切平均发力,而是在不忘整体的同时,先抓最关键、最能带动整体的部分。
第一性原理
真正的全面,不是平均主义,而是先后有序、轻重分明;若不知先务,再大的知识与爱也会被摊薄。
为什么重要
这章适合承接当务之急、亲贤、优先级判断等搜索,也能和 7A.45 一起补强本站的 first principles 方法论。
延伸阅读
这章在做什么
这章是《尽心上》第 46 / 46 章,最直接的进入线索是“知者无不知也,当务之为急”。放回全卷,它讨论的是尽心、诚与保存本心,并可与性善互相印证。
更宽的搜索入口
如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章,先从正确的 hub 页进入
全卷语境
《尽心上》重点是尽心、诚与如何保存已经给定的人心能力。
关联主题
引用提示
不要把它读成偏爱少数人。孟子不是缩窄仁爱,而是强调爱与知若想真正有效,就必须先有优先级结构。