告子下 · 第 03 / 16 章 · 孟子 6B.3

《孟子·告子下》6B.3:怨不是小人,亲亲之怨未尝非仁

孟子借《小弁》说明,某种怨并不来自小人狭隘,而可能正来自亲爱关系受伤后的真实悲痛;判断情感,要先看关系远近与所伤为何。

公孙丑问曰:「高子曰:『《小弁》,小人之诗也。』」孟子曰:「何以言之?」曰:「怨。」曰:「固哉,高叟之为《诗》也!有人于此,越人关弓而射之,则己谈笑而道之;无他,疏之也。其兄关弓而射之,则己垂涕泣而道之,无他,戚之也。《小弁》之怨,亲亲也。亲亲,仁也。固矣夫,高叟之为《诗》也!」曰:「《凯风》何以不怨?」曰:「《凯风》,亲之过小者也;《小弁》,亲之过大者也。亲之过大而不怨,是愈疏也。亲之过小而怨,是不可矶也。愈疏,不孝也;不可矶,亦不孝也。孔子曰:『舜其至孝矣,五十而慕。』」

gōng sūn chǒu wèn yuē:「gāo zǐ yuē:『《xiǎo biàn》, xiǎo rén zhī shī yě。』」 mèng zǐ yuē:「hé yǐ yán zhī?」 yuē:「yuàn。」 yuē:「gù zāi, gāo sǒu zhī wéi 《shī》 yě! yǒu rén wū cǐ, yuè rén guān gōng ér shè zhī, zé jǐ tán xiào ér dào zhī; wú tā, shū zhī yě。 qí xiōng guān gōng ér shè zhī, zé jǐ chuí tì qì ér dào zhī, wú tā, qī zhī yě。《xiǎo biàn》 zhī yuàn, qīn qīn yě。 qīn qīn, rén yě。 gù yǐ fū, gāo sǒu zhī wéi 《shī》 yě!」 yuē:「《kǎi fēng》 hé yǐ bú yuàn?」 yuē:「《kǎi fēng》, qīn zhī guò xiǎo zhě yě;《xiǎo biàn》, qīn zhī guò dà zhě yě。 qīn zhī guò dà ér bú yuàn, shì yù shū yě。 qīn zhī guò xiǎo ér yuàn, shì bù kě jī yě。 yù shū, bú xiào yě; bù kě jī, yì bú xiào yě。 kǒng zǐ yuē:『shùn qí zhì xiào yǐ, wǔ shí ér mù。』」

英文参考译文

Gong Sun Chou asked about an opinion of the scholar Gao, saying, 'Gao observed, "The Xiao Pan is the ode of a little man."' Mencius asked, 'Why did he say so?' 'Because of the murmuring which it expresses,' was the reply. Mencius answered, 'How stupid was that old Gao in dealing with the ode! There is a man here, and a native of Yue bends his bow to shoot him. I will advise him not to do so, but speaking calmly and smilingly; for no other reason but that he is not related to me. But if my own brother be bending his bow to shoot the man, then I will advise him not to do so, weeping and crying the while; for no other reason than that he is related to me. The dissatisfaction expressed in the Xiao Pan is the working of relative affection, and that affection shows benevolence. Stupid indeed was old Gao's criticism on the ode.' Chou then said, 'How is it that there is no dissatisfaction expressed in the Kai Feng?' Mencius replied, 'The parent's fault referred to in the Kai Feng is small; that referred to in the Xiao Pan is great. Where the parent's fault was great, not to have murmured on account of it would have increased the want of natural affection. Where the parent's fault was small, to have murmured on account of it would have been to act like water which frets and foams about a stone that interrupts its course. To increase the want of natural affection would have been unfilial, and to fret and foam in such a manner would also have been unfilial. Confucius said, "Shun was indeed perfectly filial! And yet, when he was fifty, he was full of longing desire about his parents."'

重点修订页

人工补强的解释层

核心问题

为什么孟子说《小弁》之怨,不是小人之怨?

直接回答

因为同样是哭怨,若伤你的是陌生人,你可以谈笑道之;若伤你的是至亲,情感强度就完全不同。孟子要说明:情感不能脱离关系结构来判,亲亲之怨未必卑下,反而可能正显出爱之深。

第一性原理

评价一种情感,不能只看表面强烈与否,而要看它所依的关系和它在捍卫什么。

为什么重要

这章适合承接“《小弁》 小人之诗”“孟子 怨”“emotion and kinship judgment”这类搜索,也能补强本站对孟子情感判断方式的解释。

这章在做什么

这章是《告子下》第 3 / 16 章,最直接的进入线索是“高子曰:《小弁》,小人之诗也”。放回全卷,它讨论的是养心、判断与人格形成,并可与仁政互相印证。

更宽的搜索入口

如果你带着更宽的问题进入这一章,先从正确的 hub 页进入

仁政:政治的第一目标是安顿民生

如果你的问题其实是一个更宽的主题词,先回主题页,再把这一章当作原文证据来定位。

查看仁政

孟子是谁?

如果你先要确认人物、别名、时代位置和为什么重要,先回孟子简介页。

查看孟子简介

孟子名言与出处

如果你是先从名句进入,再回头找出处和问题脉络,先回名言页。

查看名言页

《孟子》全文与作品结构入口

如果你要的是十四卷结构、全文导航和稳定引用路径,先回全文目录。

查看全文目录

全卷语境

《告子下》把养心、判断和人格形成连成一条修身路线。

关联主题

引用提示

不要把它用来替任何怨恨背书。孟子不是说所有怨都正当,而是说脱离关系远近与所伤之重来一刀切地贬低怨,本身就是错判。

章句资料

卷次
告子下
定位
孟子 6B.3
顺序
第 03 / 16 章
对齐置信度
99%