King Hui of Liang II · Passage 01 / 16 · 孟子 1B.1
Mencius 1B.1: why shared joy matters more than
Mencius uses the king's love of music to show that politics is not only about taxes and punishments.
莊暴見孟子，曰：「暴見於王，王語暴以好樂，暴未有以對也。」曰：「好樂何如？」孟子曰：「王之好樂甚，則齊國其庶幾乎!」他日見於王，曰：「王嘗語莊子以好樂，有諸？」王變乎色，曰：「寡人非能好先王之樂也，直好世俗之樂耳。」曰：「王之好樂甚，則齊其庶幾乎！今之樂，猶古之樂也。」曰：「可得聞與？」曰：「獨樂樂，與人樂樂，孰樂？」曰：「不若與人。」曰：「與少樂樂，與眾樂樂，孰樂？」曰：「不若與眾。」「臣請為王言樂。今王鼓樂於此，百姓聞王鐘鼓之聲，管龠之音，舉疾首蹙頞而相告曰：『吾王之好鼓樂，夫何使我至於此極也？父子不相見，兄弟妻子離散。』今王田獵於此，百姓聞王車馬之音，見羽旄之美，舉疾首蹙頞而相告曰：『吾王之好田獵，夫何使我至於此極也？父子不相見，兄弟妻子離散。』此無他，不與民同樂也。今王鼓樂於此，百姓聞王鐘鼓之聲，管龠之音，舉欣欣然有喜色而相告曰：『吾王庶幾無疾病與，何以能鼓樂也？』今王田獵於此，百姓聞王車馬之音，見羽旄之美，舉欣欣然有喜色而相告曰：『吾王庶幾無疾病與，何以能田獵也？』此無他，與民同樂也。今王與百姓同樂，則王矣。」
Zhuang Bao, seeing Mencius, said to him, 'I had an interview with the king. His Majesty told me that he loved music, and I was not prepared with anything to reply to him. What do you pronounce about that love of music?' Mencius replied, 'If the king's love of music were very great, the kingdom of Qi would be near to a state of good government!' Another day, Mencius, having an interview with the king, said, 'Your Majesty, I have heard, told the officer Zhuang, that you love music - was it so?' The king changed colour, and said, 'I am unable to love the music of the ancient sovereigns; I only love the music that suits the manners of the present age.' Mencius said, 'If your Majesty's love of music were very great, Qi would be near to a state of good government! The music of the present day is just like the music of antiquity, as regards effecting that.' The king said, 'May I hear from you the proof of that?' Mencius asked, 'Which is the more pleasant - to enjoy music by yourself alone, or to enjoy it with others?' 'To enjoy it with others,' was the reply. 'And which is the more pleasant - to enjoy music with a few, or to enjoy it with many?' 'To enjoy it with many.' Mencius proceeded, 'Your servant begs to explain what I have said about music to your Majesty. Now, your Majesty is having music here. The people hear the noise of your bells and drums, and the notes of your fifes and pipes, and they all, with aching heads, knit their brows, and say to one another, "That's how our king likes his music! But why does he reduce us to this extremity of distress? Fathers and sons cannot see one another. Elder brothers and younger brothers, wives and children, are separated and scattered abroad." Now, your Majesty is hunting here. The people hear the noise of your carriages and horses, and see the beauty of your plumes and streamers, and they all, with aching heads, knit their brows, and say to one another, "That's how our king likes his hunting! But why does he reduce us to this extremity of distress? Fathers and sons cannot see one another. Elder brothers and younger brothers, wives and children, are separated and scattered abroad." Their feeling thus is from no other reason but that you do not allow the people to have pleasure as well as yourself. 'Now, your Majesty is having music here. The people hear the noise of your bells and drums, and the notes of your fifes and pipes, and they all, delighted, and with joyful looks, say to one another, "That sounds as if our king were free from all sickness! If he were not, how could he enjoy this music?" Now, your Majesty is hunting here. The people hear the noise of your carriages and horses, and see the beauty of your plumes and streamers, and they all, delighted, and with joyful looks, say to one another, "That looks as if our king were free from all sickness! If he were not, how could he enjoy this hunting?" Their feeling thus is from no other reason but that you cause them to have their pleasure as you have yours. If your Majesty now will make pleasure a thing common to the people and yourself, the royal sway awaits you.'
Priority note
A human-edited reading layer
Central question
Why does Mencius move from the king's love of music to the question of kingly rule?
Direct answer
Because the way a ruler enjoys pleasure reveals whether public order is organized for shared flourishing or for private consumption at the people's expense.
First principle
Once private enjoyment draws on public cost, it stops being merely private and becomes a test of whether power is open to the people or sealed against them.
Why it matters
This passage broadens Mencius's politics into the sphere of culture, joy, and public feeling, serving search intent around shared joy and rule with the people.
Further reading
What this passage is doing
This is passage 1 of 16 in King Hui of Liang II. The cleanest entry point is "I had an interview with the king". In context, it works as part of Mencius's argument about shared joy with the people, judgments about war, and political responsibility and can be read alongside Four beginnings / four sprouts, Humane government / kingly way.
Broader search routes
If you came here with a wider question, start from the right hub page
The four beginnings and four sprouts: virtue made visible
If your real query is broader than one citation, start from the theme page and use this passage as proof text.
Open four beginnings / four sproutsWho is Mencius?
If you first need the person, the aliases, and why he matters, start from the about page.
Open About MenciusMencius quotes and sayings
If you arrived through a famous line, start from the quotes hub and then return to the exact passage.
Open Mencius quotesMencius full text and works of Mencius
If you need the book structure, the works of Mencius, or where to read the text, start from the full-text hub.
Open the full-text hubBook context
King Hui of Liang II places shared joy, war, and the ruler's responsibility inside one political chain of judgment.
Related principles
Citation note
Do not quote only the line about enjoying music with others. The later contrast between delighted and distressed listeners shows that the real criterion is shared life, not aesthetic taste.